List of former European colonies
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This is a list of former European colonies.
The European countries which had the most colonies throughout history were: United Kingdom (130), France (90), Portugal (52), Spain (44), Netherlands (29), Germany (20), Russia (17), Denmark (9), Sweden (8), Italy (7), Norway (6), Belgium (3), and Courland (2).
North America
[edit]Northern and Central America
[edit]Denmark
[edit]France
[edit]- New France
- Newfoundland
- Île-Royale (Cape Breton Island)
- Saint-Domingue (Haiti)
- Acadia
- Quebec
- Guadeloupe
Great Britain
[edit]- British America (New Britain)
- Canada
- Island of St. John
- Rupert's Land (A private estate stretching from the Atlantic to the Rocky Mountains, and from the prairies to the Arctic Circle.[1])
- Lower Canada
- Upper Canada
- Newfoundland Colony
- "Thirteen Colonies" (The United States of America)
- Other North American colonies
- Province of East Florida
- Province of West Florida
- Indian Reserve
- Middle Colonies
- Chesapeake Colonies
- Southern Colonies
- Oregon Country (disputed with France)
- Canada
- British Honduras
- Mosquito Coast
- Bay Islands
Iceland
[edit]Netherlands
[edit]- New Netherland (Nieuw-Amsterdam / New York)
Norway
[edit]Portugal
[edit]- Claim to Labrador
- Claim and settlement in Terra Nova (Newfoundland)
Russia
[edit]Scotland
[edit]Spain
[edit]- Mexico (1521)
- Viceroyalty of New Spain (1535–1821)
- Las Californias
- Nuevo Reino de León
- Nuevo Santander
- Nueva Vizcaya
- Santa Fe de Nuevo México
- Nueva Extremadura
- Nueva Galicia
- Captaincy General of Cuba
- Puerto Rico
- Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic)
- Captaincy General of Guatemala
- Costa Rica
- El Salvador
- East Florida and West Florida
- Settlement at Nootka, near Vancouver Island, Canada
Sweden
[edit]Sweden-Norway
[edit]- Sverdrup Islands (Claimed) (1902–1905)
Caribbean
[edit]Brandenburg
[edit]Courland
[edit]Denmark-Norway
[edit]France
[edit]Knights of Malta
[edit]- Saint Barthélemy
- Saint Martin
- Saint Christopher (St Kitts)
- Saint Croix
- Tortuga (off coast of Haiti)
Netherlands
[edit]Portugal
[edit]Scotland
[edit]- Caledonia (Gulf of Darién)
Spain
[edit]Sweden
[edit]Sweden-Norway
[edit]- Cooper Island
- Saint-Barthélemy (1814–1878)
United Kingdom
[edit]- The Bahamas
- Barbados
- Belize
- Jamaica
- Leeward Islands
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Dominica
- Saint Christopher (St Kitts)-Nevis
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Windward Islands
South America
[edit]Portugal
[edit]Spain
[edit]- Kingdom of Tierra Firme (1498–1537)
- Governorate of New Andalusia (1501–1513)
- Governorate of Castilla de Oro (1514–1539)
- Governorate of New Castile (1529–1542)
- Governorate of New Toledo (1529–1542)
- Governorate of New León (1529–1539)
- Governorate of New Andalusia (1534–1617)
- Viceroyalty of Peru (1542–1824)
- New Kingdom of Granada (1538–1717) (1723–1739)
- Real Audiencia of Panamá (1538–1717) (1723–1739)
- Governorate of Terra Australis (1539–1555)
- Captaincy General of Chile (1541–1818)
- Real Audiencia of Lima (1542–1821)
- Governorate of the Río de la Plata (1549–1776)
- Real Audiencia of Charcas (1559–1776)
- Real Audiencia of Quito (1563–1717) (1723–1739)
- Real Audiencia of Concepción (1565–1575)
- Governorate of Guayrá (1617–1776)
- Real Audiencia of Buenos Aires (1661–1671)
- Real Audiencia of Cuzco (1787–1825)
- Viceroyalty of New Granada (1717–1723) (1739–1810) (1815–1822)
- Real Audiencia of Panamá (1717–1723) (1739–1752)
- Real Audiencia of Quito (1717–1723) (1739–1822)
- Captaincy General of Venezuela (1777–1824)
- Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (1776–1814)
- Governorate of Paraguay (1776–1782)
- Real Audiencia of Charcas (1776–1821)
- Upper Peru (1821–1825)
Netherlands
[edit]- Berbice (Guyana)
- Demerara
- Dutch colonisation of the Guianas, overview
- Surinam (Suriname)
- Essequibo
- New Holland (Brazil – Half the captaincies)
Augsburg/Nuremberg
[edit]France
[edit]- Brazil (Rio de Janeiro briefly, and São Luís briefly)
(see France Antarctique and France Équinoxiale)
- Iles Malouines (Falkland Islands)
United Kingdom
[edit]Sweden-Norway
[edit]- Grytviken (1904–1905)
Africa
[edit]Belgium
[edit]Brandenburg
[edit]- Arguin (in Mauritania)
- Brandenburger Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)
Courland
[edit]Denmark-Norway
[edit]- Danish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)
France
[edit]- Albreda (in The Gambia)
- Comoros
- French Dahomey (Benin)
- French Algeria
- French Cameroon (91% of modern Cameroon)
- French Chad
- French Congo (Republic of the Congo)
- French Guinea (Guinea)
- French Upper Volta (Republic of Upper Volta, Burkina Faso)
- French Somaliland (Djibouti)
- French Sudan (Mali)
- French Togoland (Togo)
- French Madagascar
- Gabon
- Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)
- Colonial Mauritania
- French protectorate in Morocco (89% of Morocco)
- Oubangui-Chari (Central African Republic)
- Senegal
- Senegambia and Niger
- French protectorate of Tunisia
Germany
[edit]- German East Africa (Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania)
- German South-West Africa (Namibia)
- Kamerun (split between Cameroon and Nigeria)
- Togoland (split between Togo and Ghana)
- Wituland (Lamu Island, owned by Kenya)
Hospitaller Malta
[edit]Italy
[edit]Netherlands
[edit]- Arguin Island (in Mauritania)
- Dutch Cape Colony
- Dutch Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana, including El Mina)
- Dutch Loango-Angola (Luanda, Sonyo and Cabinda)
- Gorée (Senegal)
- Moçambique (Delagoa Bay)
- São Tomé
- South Africa
- Mauritius
Portugal
[edit]- Ajuda (Whydah, in Benin)
- Portuguese Angola
- Annobón
- Cabinda
- Cape Verde (Cabo Verde)
- Ceuta
- Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá
- Gorée (in Senegal)
- Malindi
- Mombasa
- Algarve Ultramar (Morocco)
- Nigeria (Lagos area)
- Mozambique
- Portuguese Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana)
- Portuguese Guinea (Guinea-Bissau)
- Quíloa
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- Tangier
- Zanzibar
- Ziguinchor
Russia
[edit]Spain
[edit]- Bona
- Bougie
- Jerba
- Fernando Po and Annobon (insular Equatorial Guinea)
- Oran
- Port Guinea
- Río Muni (mainland Equatorial Guinea)
- Spanish Protectorate in Morocco
- Spanish West Africa
Sweden
[edit]- Swedish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)
United Kingdom
[edit]- Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (Sudan)
- Basutoland (Lesotho)
- Balleland (Benin)
- Bechuanaland (Botswana)
- British East Africa (Kenya)
- British Somaliland (Somaliland)
- British Togoland (eastern Ghana)
- British Cameroon (split between Nigeria and Cameroon)
- British Mauritius
- British Egypt
- Gambia Colony and Protectorate
- Gold Coast (Ghana)
- Colonial Nigeria
- Northern Rhodesia (Zambia)
- Nyasaland (Malawi)
- Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate
- Union of South Africa
- South West Africa (Namibia)
- Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)
- Swaziland (Eswatini)
- Tanganyika Territory (mainland Tanzania)
- Uganda Protectorate
- Sultanate of Zanzibar (insular Tanzania)
West Asia
[edit]France
[edit]Netherlands
[edit]- Jemen, Al Mukha (Mocca)
- Mesopotamia (Iraq, Al Basrah)
Portugal
[edit]United Kingdom
[edit]South Asia
[edit]Indian Ocean Area
[edit]France
[edit]Netherlands
[edit]- Dutch Mauritius (now Mauritius)
Portugal
[edit]Austria
[edit]United Kingdom
[edit]Mainland
[edit]Denmark-Norway
[edit]- Frederik Oerne Islands (Nicobar Islands)
- Serampore
- Tranquebar
France
[edit]Netherlands
[edit]Portugal
[edit]Sweden
[edit]United Kingdom
[edit]Asia-Pacific
[edit]Austria
[edit]Belgium
[edit]- Tianjin (concession territory)
France
[edit]- East Asia
- Indochina
- New Hebrides (Vanuatu, condominium with Britain)
Germany
[edit]Italy
[edit]Netherlands
[edit]- Dutch East Indies (Indonesia)
- Dutch New Guinea (Western Part of Papua, Indonesia)
- Malacca
- Dutch Formosa
- Dejima
Portugal
[edit]Spain
[edit]United Kingdom
[edit]- British Burma
- Australia
- British Solomon Islands
- British Western Pacific Territories
- Christmas Island
- Cocos Islands
- Colonial Fiji
- Gilbert and Ellice Islands (Kiribati & Tuvalu)
- Hawaii (formerly Sandwich Islands)
- Kingdom of Rarotonga (Cook Islands)
- New Hebrides (Vanuatu, condominium with France)
- New Zealand
- Niue
- Norfolk Island
- Territory of Papua and New Guinea
- Territory of New Guinea
- Western Samoa
- Phoenix Islands (part of Kiribati)
- Solomon Islands
- Territory of Papua
- Tokelau
- Tonga
- Southeast Asia
- Brunei
- Bonin Islands (Japan)
- Singapore
- China
Antarctic
[edit]France
[edit]- Adélie Land
- Amsterdam Island (New Amsterdam)
- Crozet Islands
- French Southern and Antarctic Lands
- Kerguelen Islands
- Saint Paul Island
Germany
[edit]Norway
[edit]Spain
[edit]- Governorate of Terra Australis (1539–1555)
United Kingdom
[edit]- British Antarctic Territory
- Falkland Islands Dependencies
- South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
Europe
[edit]Denmark
[edit]Italy
[edit]Spain
[edit]United Kingdom
[edit]- Corsica (the Anglo-Corsican Kingdom was a protectorate of Britain, now part of France)
- Cyprus
- Ionian islands (now part of Greece)
- Ireland
- Malta
- Menorca (now part of Spain)
- Heligoland (now part of Germany)
See also
[edit]- Austrian colonial policy
- Belgian colonial empire
- British colonial empire
- Danish colonial empire
- Dutch colonial empire
- French colonial empire
- German colonial empire
- List of former German colonies
- Italian colonial empire
- Portuguese colonial empire
- Evolution of the Portuguese Empire
- Russian colonial empire
- Spanish colonial empire
- Swedish colonial empire